Magic Square Atomic Structure And Theory Answer Key
If you are studying atomic structure and theory, you may have come across the magic square. The magic square is an important tool that can help you to understand the behavior of electrons in an atom. In this article, we will discuss the magic square in detail and provide an answer key for your reference.
What Is The Magic Square?
The magic square is a diagram that shows the arrangement of electrons in an atom. It is called a magic square because the sum of each row, column, and diagonal is the same. The magic square was introduced by the German physicist Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. Pauli observed that electrons in an atom occupy specific energy levels, and that each energy level can hold a certain number of electrons.
The magic square is divided into four quadrants, each of which represents a different energy level. The top two quadrants represent the first energy level, which can hold a maximum of two electrons. The bottom two quadrants represent the second energy level, which can hold a maximum of eight electrons. The magic square also shows the spin of the electrons, which can be either up or down.
How To Use The Magic Square
The magic square can be used to determine the electron configuration of an atom. To use the magic square, you need to know the atomic number of the element you are studying. The atomic number tells you how many protons an atom has, which determines its identity.
For example, let's say you are studying carbon, which has an atomic number of 6. To determine the electron configuration of carbon, you would start by filling in the first two electrons in the top left quadrant of the magic square. The first electron would have an up spin, and the second electron would have a down spin. This represents the 1s energy level.
Next, you would fill in the remaining four electrons in the bottom left quadrant of the magic square. These electrons would also have up and down spins, and would represent the 2s and 2p energy levels.
The electron configuration for carbon is 1s2 2s2 2p2. This means that there are two electrons in the first energy level, and four electrons in the second energy level. The two electrons in the second energy level are split between the 2s and 2p orbitals.
The Magic Square Answer Key
Here is a magic square answer key for elements up to atomic number 36:
<Related video of Magic Square Atomic Structure And Theory Answer Key: A Comprehensive Guide
| Element | Electron Configuration |
|---|---|
| Hydrogen | 1s1 |
| Helium | 1s2 |
| Lithium | 1s2 2s1 |
| Beryllium | 1s2 2s2 |
| Boron | 1s2 2s2 2p1 |
| Carbon | 1s2 2s2 2p2 |
| Nitrogen | 1s2 2s2 2p3 |
| Oxygen | 1s2 2s2 2p4 |
| Fluorine | 1s2 2s2 2p5 |
| Neon | 1s2 2s2 2p6 |
| Sodium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1 |
| Magnesium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 |
| Aluminum | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p1 |
| Silicon | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2 |
| Phosphorus | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3 |
| Sulfur | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p4 |
| Chlorine | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5 |
| Argon | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 |
| Potassium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 |
| Calcium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 |
| Scandium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d1 |
| Titanium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d2 |
| Vanadium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d3 |
| Chromium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d5 |
| Manganese | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d5 |
| Iron | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d6 |
| Cobalt | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d7 |
| Nickel | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d8 |
| Copper | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10 |
| Zinc | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 |
| Gallium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p1 |
| Germanium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p2 |
| Arsenic | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p3 |
| Selenium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p4 |
| Bromine | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p5 |
| Krypton | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 |
| Rubidium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 |
| Strontium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 |
| Yttrium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d1 |
| Zirconium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d2 |
| Niobium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d4 |
| Molybdenum | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d5 |
| Technetium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d6 |
| Ruthenium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d7 |
| Rhodium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d8 |
| Palladium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10 |
| Silver | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s1 4d10 |
| Cadmium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 |
| Indium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p1 |
| Tin | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p2 |
| Antimony | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p3 |
| Tellurium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p4 |
| Iodine | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p5 |
| Xenon | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 |
| Cesium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s1 |
| Barium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 |
| Lanthanum | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 5d1 |
| Cerium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f1 5d1 |
| Praseodymium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f3 |
| Neodymium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f4 |
| Promethium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f5 |
| Samarium | 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s2 3d10 4p6 5s2 4d10 5p6 6s2 4f6 |