Holy Harlots Femininity Sexuality And Black Magic In Brazil
When we think of Brazil, we often think of its beautiful beaches, vibrant culture, and lively music. But there's more to Brazil than meets the eye. In her book, "Holy Harlots: Femininity, Sexuality, and Black Magic in Brazil," Kelly E. Hayes delves into the world of Afro-Brazilian religions and their connection to the country's history, culture, and gender dynamics.
The Intersection of Religion and Femininity
Afro-Brazilian religions are syncretic, meaning they combine elements of African religions with Catholicism, which was imposed on slaves during colonial times. These religions are deeply ingrained in Brazilian society and have had a significant impact on the country's culture and identity. At the center of these religions are the orixás, deities worshipped by devotees who seek their guidance and protection.
Hayes argues that Afro-Brazilian religions provide a space for women to assert their agency and challenge patriarchy. Women are often the leaders of these religions, known as "mothers" or "godmothers," and are respected for their knowledge and expertise. They are also involved in the ritual performances that are a central part of these religions, where they embody the orixás and perform dances and songs that bring them into communion with the divine.
This is a stark contrast to Catholicism, which has traditionally relegated women to subservient roles and has been used as a tool of colonization and oppression. In Afro-Brazilian religions, women are able to take ownership of their bodies, sexuality, and spirituality, and challenge the hegemonic norms that seek to control them.
The Power of Sexuality
Another aspect of Afro-Brazilian religions that Hayes explores is their connection to sexuality. Sexuality is a powerful force in these religions, and is seen as a way to connect with the divine and access spiritual power. Sexuality is also seen as a source of pleasure and joy, rather than something to be ashamed of or repressed.
Hayes argues that the sexual liberation that is encouraged in Afro-Brazilian religions challenges the conservative values of Brazilian society and provides a way for women to assert their autonomy. However, she also acknowledges that this liberation is not without its problems, and that women can still be objectified and exploited within these religions.
The Dark Side of Black Magic
One of the most controversial aspects of Afro-Brazilian religions is their association with black magic, or "macumba." Macumba involves the use of spells, curses, and charms to achieve one's desires, and is often portrayed as a dangerous and demonic practice.
Hayes argues that the demonization of macumba is rooted in racism and fear of the unknown. She also points out that the use of magic in Afro-Brazilian religions is not inherently evil, but rather a way for individuals to exert agency and seek justice in a society that often denies them both.
However, Hayes also acknowledges that there are those within Afro-Brazilian religions who take advantage of their power and use it for nefarious purposes, such as exploiting vulnerable individuals or engaging in criminal activities. She emphasizes the importance of critical engagement with these religions, and the need to address these issues while still respecting the positive aspects of these traditions.
Conclusion
Hayes' book provides a fascinating look into the world of Afro-Brazilian religions, and the ways in which they challenge and subvert the dominant power structures in Brazilian society. By providing a space for women to assert their agency and sexuality, and by using magic as a way to seek justice and empowerment, these religions have had a profound impact on the cultural and spiritual landscape of Brazil.
However, it's important to acknowledge that these religions are not without their problems, and that there are still issues of exploitation and abuse that need to be addressed. By engaging with these religions critically and respectfully, we can learn from their positive aspects while still working towards a more just and equitable society.
